Foxglove

 

The scientific name (Digitalis) means “finger-like” and refers to the way the blossoms fit nicely on one’s fingertip. (What?) The entire plant is toxic, with the leaves of the upper stem being the most potent — can cause death! Also used for various cardiac-related drugs. Native to everywhere but here (Europe, Asia, Africa).

According to the 19th century book English Botany, Or, Coloured Figures of British Plants:

Dr. Prior, whose authority is great in the origin of popular names, says “It seems probably that the name was in the first place, foxes’ glew, or music, in reference to the favourite instrument of an earlier time, a ring of bells hung on an arched support, the tintinnabulum“… we cannot quite agree with Dr. Prior for it seems quite probable that the shape of the flowers suggested the idea of a glove, and that associated with the name of the botanist Fuchs, who first gave it a botanical name, may have been easily corrupted into foxglove. It happens, moreover, the name foxglove is a very ancient one and exists in a list of plants as old as the time of Edward III. The “folks” of our ancestors were the fairies and nothing is more likely than that the pretty coloured bells of the plant would be designated “folksgloves,” afterwards, “foxglove.” In Wales it is declared to be a favourite lurking-place of the fairies, who are said to occasion a snapping sound when children, holding one end of the digitalis bell, suddenly strike the other on the hand to hear the clap of fairy thunder, with which the indignant fairy makes her escape from her injured retreat. In south of Scotland it is called “bloody fingers” more northward, “deadman’s bells” whilst in Wales it is known as “fairy-folks-fingers” or “lambs-tongue-leaves”.

Common Foxglove (Digitalis)

Yellow Trillium


Trillium plants can be divided into two groups: the kind where the flower is on a stem either above the leaves or curving under them (pedicellate) and the kind where the flower arised directly from the leaves with no stem (sessile). These are sessile. They have a lemony fragrance. Lily family. Native to more southern regions, and here, found looking very robust in a woodland garden.

Yellow Trillium (Trillium luteum)

Wake-robin Trillium


I saw these maroon wake-robins and some yellow trilliums not in any wild woods, but in a Needham woman’s woodland garden (a spectacular stop on the Needham Garden Tour). But they’re native wildflowers and they’re (mostly finished) blooming, so here they are. Picking a trillium seriously hurts the plant, because then it can’t produce food for the next year. It takes many years to recover. Trillium seeds are spread by ANTS! Ants are attracted to the decaying ovary, take the seeds to their nests, eat the spongy “elaisosome” part of the seeds, and discard the rest of the seeds, which then germinate in the ant compost heap. Lily family. Native.

Wake-robin, Purple Trillium, Birthroot (Trillium erectum)

Bittersweet Nightshade

Has a berry that changes from green to yellow to orange to red when fully ripe. The berry is poison to humans and livestock, but edible for birds!  The foliage is also poisonous to humans. When I was a little kid, this was growing in the backyard where I played. It must have been dramatically impressed on me that it was DEADLY POISON, because I’ve always had a sense of respect for its power, a viper in the domestic landscape. In the potato genus Solanum. Invasive, native to Europe and Asia.

Bittersweet Nightshade, Felonwood, Poisonberry (Solanum dulcamara)

Multiflora Rose

Was introduced to the eastern U.S. in 1866 as rootstock for ornamental roses. Then was widely used as living fences, for erosion control, etc. til it became considered a pest in natural ecosystems. Hm. Designated a noxious weed in several states. The fruits (hips) are eaten by many kinds of birds. Beautiful.

Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)

Silvery Cinquefoil

I have already noted Common Cinquefoil growing all over the place— it has leaves similar to wild strawberry. This variety has spiky leaves and is less trailing. The leaves are silvery on the underside. Flowering time June to September, so it’s a little early. Rose family. Origin: Eurasia.

Silvery Cinquefoil (Potentilla argentea)

Lady’s Thumb (Redleg)


I always thought this was called Heart’s Ease. I was wrong! This is common around this area: Lady’s Thumb. The foliage is peppery and bitter so small mammals don’t eat it, but waterbirds and songbirds like the seeds. Buckwheat family.

Lady’s Thumb, Redleg (Polygonum persicaria)

Common Blackberry


There are a lot of these blooming at Centennial. I was trying to identify them as roses, but actually– they’re blackberries. The canes arch and bend downward to send new roots into the ground. No fragrance. Fruits are seedy and sweet. The nectar, pollen and fruits attract many kinds of bees, flies, beetles, caterpillars, birds and mammals. Also the brambles form shelter for many ground-nesting birds and other small creatures… so the value of this plant to its local ecosystem is high.

Common Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis)

Blue Toadflax

You know, you just can’t walk outside without seeing a bunch of new wild things coming into blossom. Great name — why is it called Toadflax? Figwort Family. Native.

Blue Toadflax (Nuttallanthus canadensis)